INDIA CHINA Connect

Advanced mobility and clean‑energy technologies in China are shifting from pilots to everyday use. Heavy state investment is speeding adoption of EVs, battery swapping, autonomous vehicles, drones, and high‑speed rail. Automation is transforming logistics and urban transit efficiency. China’s scale, pace, and risk tolerance drive global leadership, despite debt pressures, regulatory constraints, and uneven outcomes.

India is projected to reach the World Bank’s upper‑middle‑income category by 2030, with per capita GNI nearing $4,000. Economic growth has accelerated, pushing GDP toward $5 trillion, while per capita income has doubled since 2009. India’s global growth ranking has improved markedly, and sustained momentum underpins its long‑term ambition of becoming a high‑income economy.

China’s population declined for a fourth consecutive year in 2025, falling by 3.39 million. Births dropped to a record low of 7.92 million as fertility stayed far below replacement, while deaths rose to their highest rate since 1968. Pro‑birth incentives have failed, and a shrinking workforce with rapid ageing poses serious long‑term economic risks.

Amrut Expedition 15‑Year‑Old ranked third worldwide in Jim Murray’s Whisky Bible 2025–26, becoming only the second Indian whisky, after Amrut Fusion, to earn elite global recognition. The achievement validates decades of craftsmanship and innovation, proves successful long‑term ageing in India’s warm climate, and underscores India’s growing influence and credibility in the global single‑malt whisky market.

Lunar time runs faster than Earth time because of the Moon’s weaker gravity, creating navigation errors during long missions. Chinese scientists developed a highly precise lunar–Earth time model, accurate for centuries. Their LTE440 software simplifies time conversion, highlighting the growing need for a dedicated lunar clock as Moon exploration and activity expand.

Indian PhD students alleged discrimination after a 2023 incident over reheating Indian food on a US campus escalated into claims of systemic retaliation. The couple sued the University of Colorado Boulder for civil rights violations. A September 2025 settlement awarded $200,000 and Master’s degrees, highlighting cultural bias, food stigma, and inclusion gaps in academia.

India is home to the world’s largest wild tiger population, with about 3,682 tigers—nearly three-quarters of the global total—spread across 58 reserves and a wide range of ecosystems, reflecting strong habitat protection. Long-term conservation efforts, particularly under Project Tiger, have successfully reversed earlier declines, making India a critical stronghold for tigers as top predators and a key contributor to global tiger survival and ecological balance.

China’s BYD has overtaken Tesla as the world’s top electric vehicle seller after a surge in 2025 sales, while Tesla’s deliveries fell for a second year. Tesla faced subsidy cuts, rising competition and investor concerns, though it remains more profitable. BYD’s growth, driven by low prices and overseas expansion, has been especially strong in the UK.

Sanju Verma portrays 2025 as a transformative year for India, blending cultural resurgence with robust economic performance under PM Modi. She credits “Modinomics” for bold structural reforms, rapid GDP growth, tax and compliance simplification, MSME empowerment, poverty reduction, and global trade gains, positioning India as a resilient, fast-growing economy on track for “Viksit Bharat” by 2047.

India is rapidly expanding its aviation sector, adding a new airport every 50 days. Key projects include Jewar airport opening in February and Bhogapuram by June, following successful regulatory milestones. Fleet size is growing, policies now allow multiple airports per region, and international connectivity is improving under the Open Sky policy.

India’s first Bullet Train will begin operations on August 15, 2027, marking a major leap in high-speed rail. The 508-km Mumbai–Ahmedabad corridor will open in phases, connecting key cities. Backed by progress on infrastructure and confidence from Vande Bharat trains, the project promises faster, world-class inter-city travel.

China has unveiled a record-setting smart DC transformer designed to stabilise power grids as renewable energy expands. Rated at 750 million volt-amperes, it supports ultra-high-voltage, long-distance transmission, delivering over 36 billion kWh annually across 2,370km. By efficiently converting AC to DC, it reduces losses, absorbs fluctuations, and strengthens grid safety, flexibility, and reliability after recent grid instability exposed vulnerabilities nationwide.

China’s trade surplus topped US$1 trillion in 2025, yet foreign exchange reserves rose only slightly. Analysts say the gap reflects private-sector capital outflows, not missing funds. Chinese firms are investing abroad, paying down foreign debt and holding earnings offshore, signalling a shift from state-led reserve accumulation to market-driven global expansion

Yiwu overcame US-China trade tensions by rapidly diversifying exports toward emerging markets. Despite tariffs and reduced US demand, total trade surpassed 700 billion yuan in the first 10 months of 2025, up 25.2%. ASEAN trade jumped 51%, while Africa and Latin America rose strongly. Exports grew 24.4%, alongside booming cross-border e-commerce imports, supported by flexible supply chains and logistics networks.

India holds the world’s third-largest rare earth reserves at 6.9 million tonnes but produces under one percent globally. Output was about 2,900 tonnes in 2024, far behind China. Regulatory hurdles, monazite-linked thorium, and weak refining capacity limit growth. China dominates processing. Without value-chain integration, India’s vast resources won’t translate into global influence. The imbalance highlights execution gaps across mining nationwide.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi said 2025 marked a turning point in India’s reform journey, strengthening growth and advancing the Viksit Bharat 2047 vision. Calling it the “Reform Express,” he highlighted youth-led growth, simplified governance, tax and labour reforms, ease of doing business, energy, trade, and education reforms, signalling a shift toward trust-based governance and inviting global partnerships.

India is poised to become a major global growth engine, driven by IT leadership, digital infrastructure, entrepreneurship, and strong demographics, an EY report says. High-value services, expanding credit, manufacturing competitiveness, and infrastructure upgrades could fuel growth, boost consumption, and integrate India deeper into global value chains, provided policy reforms sustain long-term momentum.

Chinese scientists have set a new maglev record by accelerating a tonne-scale vehicle to 700 km/h in under two seconds on a 400‑metre test track. The breakthrough demonstrates major advances in electromagnetic propulsion, power control and superconducting systems, strengthening China’s position in ultra‑high‑speed transport and supporting future hyperloop and aerospace applications.

India crossed one billion broadband subscribers in November, marking a major digital milestone. Broadband users grew over sixfold from 131 million in 2015 to 1.003 billion in 2025. Total internet subscribers reached 1.018 billion, driven mainly by wireless connections. Broadband continues rising, narrowband declining, while wireless ARPU and year-on-year wireline growth improved. Quarterly growth remained steady nationwide during recent quarters.

NCERT’s revised Class 7 Social Science textbook reintroduces early medieval India, spotlighting forgotten rulers, empires and institutions from the 7th to 13th centuries. It links political history, culture and economy with modern systems, showing continuity in governance, trade, agriculture and society. Teachers note improved coherence, clearer narratives and stronger connections between India’s past and present for students nationwide today clearly.