Roaring Back: The Remarkable Revival of Gujarat’s Asiatic Lions

Gujarat’s Asiatic lion population has risen to 891, up from 674 in five years, per the 2024 census, marking a historic recovery. Once near extinction with only 19 lions in 1910, conservation efforts led by the Nawab of Junagadh initiated their revival. Lions now inhabit 11 districts beyond Gir, aided by modern technology and community support, including the Maldhari herders. Tourism, generating ₹11 crore annually, further boosts conservation. Despite challenges, this success exemplifies the power of sustained wildlife protection.

The Asiatic lion, a symbol of Gujarat’s rich natural heritage, has made a triumphant resurgence. According to the 2024 lion census released by the Gujarat government, the population of these majestic creatures has surged to 891, up from 674 in just five years. This historic milestone marks the highest count of this endangered species in modern times and highlights over a century of dedicated conservation efforts centered in the Gir forests, their sole habitat in Asia.

A Comprehensive Census Effort

The latest census, conducted over four days from May 10 to 13, covered an extensive area of 35,000 square kilometers across 58 talukas. More than 3,000 personnel, including forest officials, wildlife enumerators, and volunteers, participated in this massive survey. Gujarat Chief Minister Bhupendra Patel announced that the lions now inhabit 11 districts in the state, including Junagadh, Gir Somnath, Amreli, Bhavnagar, and Porbandar, primarily within the Saurashtra region.

The Journey of Survival: From Brink of Extinction to a Thriving Population

The Asiatic lion’s path to recovery is as awe-inspiring as the animal itself. Once found across the forests of India and the Middle East, their population dwindled alarmingly due to habitat loss and excessive hunting. By 1910, their numbers had dropped to a mere 19, all confined to the Gir forests. This alarming decline prompted the Nawab of Junagadh, Rasool Khan, to impose a strict ban on lion hunting, even turning down British Viceroy Lord Curzon’s request to hunt in Gir. This pivotal decision laid the foundation for a localized conservation movement that would eventually evolve into a globally recognized success story.

Dr. D.T. Vasavada, a former Chief Conservator of Forests, noted that the population has steadily grown since then, reaching 674 in 2020. The current census figure of 891 underscores how these early conservation measures have paid off, transforming the Asiatic lion’s narrative from one of near-extinction to thriving growth.

Expanding Habitat Beyond Gir

From being confined to a core area within Gir decades ago, the Asiatic lion’s range has expanded significantly over the years. In 1990, 284 lions roamed within 300 square kilometers. By 2020, their habitat had stretched across nearly 30,000 square kilometers in nine districts. Today, they can be found in regions such as Porbandar, Amreli, and Bhavnagar, far beyond their original stronghold.

Modern technology has played a crucial role in this expansion. The use of radio collars, GPS trackers, and CCTV surveillance has made it easier for forest officials to monitor the lions’ movements and respond swiftly to emergencies. Assistant Conservator of Forests S.D. Tilala highlighted the effectiveness of these advancements, noting that rescue teams can now respond promptly to incidents such as lions falling into wells or ditches.

People and Tourism: Pillars of Conservation

A unique aspect of Gir’s conservation success is its community-driven approach. The Maldhari tribal herders, who reside within the sanctuary, have been integral to protecting the lions. Their deep-rooted cultural connection with the animals fosters a harmonious coexistence that benefits both the lions and the local communities.

Tourism has further bolstered conservation efforts. Since 1965, when Gir opened its doors to visitors, the region has seen a steady rise in tourist numbers, now averaging about 800,000 annually. Safari parks in Gir, Devaliya, Ambardi, and Girnar generate significant revenue—over ₹11 crore annually—that is reinvested into habitat management and lion care.

Challenges on the Path Ahead

Despite these achievements, challenges persist. Approximately 120 lions die annually, primarily due to aging, disease, or accidents. However, with consistent population growth of 20–30% every five years and ongoing efforts in breeding and habitat expansion, the future remains bright for these big cats.

The latest lion census not only reflects numerical progress but also symbolizes a broader victory for conservation. It’s a testament to the power of sustained efforts, community involvement, and science-driven strategies in restoring balance to nature. The story of the Asiatic lion is a shining example of how humanity can work in harmony with wildlife to achieve extraordinary results.